A map of Shang dynasty China, showing the traditional terms for the non-Han peoples of the north, south, east, and west.

A map of Han dynasty China circa 2, showing the surrounding kingdoms and peoples

A map of China during the Period of Division circa 500, showing the non-Han Northern Wei dynasty and the Han Southern Qi dynasty as well as the surrounding kingdoms and peoples

A map of Sui dynasty China, showing the surrounding kingdoms and peoples

同上

A map of Tang dynasty China circa 742, showing the surrounding kingdoms and peoples

补11楼

A map of Song dynasty China, showing the approximate borders of the Northern Song in 1100 and indicating the area lost to the non-Han Jin dynasty in 1127.