Experience up to mid-November 1940 was that Italian torpedo bombers usually delivered their attacks from abaft the beam and at a range of 3000–5000 yds, which placed them outside pom-pom range and that of standard short barrages. It was therefore necessary to make special arrangements to bring effective fire to bear. This perception may have been the origin of the Force H (operating from Gibraltar) formation, in which destroyers ringed the main body at a distance of 6000 yds specifically to keep torpedo bombers outside effective dropping range. Assuming that the bombers intended to hold their torpedoes back to hit the main body, this formation would bring the destroyers within barrage range. Conversely, the formation would force enemy torpedo bombers to drop their weapons too far out to be effective while still permitting the capital ships to develop both barrage and close-range fire. In December 1941 this arrangement was understood to have been effective against Italian torpedo bombers, which generally approached low to avoid radar detection, but were ‘apt to drop their torpedoes at extreme range’.
意大利鱼雷机水平太次,为友邦迅速击沉亲王和却敌做出了不可磨灭的贡献。