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雪莱·致云雀 (垮界译)

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雪莱·致云雀
垮界译 2022.9.1-4
To a Skylark by Percy Bysshe Shelley
1
向你致敬,快乐的精灵! Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!
你绝非普通的飞鸟, Bird thou never wert,
而是来自上天或它附近的精灵。 That from Heaven, or near it,
你倾洒着快乐的心潮 Pourest thy full heart
用丰富又自然的婉转歌谣。 In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
2
你从大地一跃飞天, Higher still and higher
越飞越高,直冲云顶, From the earth thou springest
像一团不灭的火焰。 Like a cloud of fire;
你在深邃的蓝天飞行, The blue deep thou wingest,
飞也不停,唱也不停。 And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.
3
夕阳的金晖, In the golden lightning
照亮了云朵。 Of the sunken sun,
你在飘荡和奔飞, O'er which clouds are bright'ning,
犹如飞离身体的快乐, Thou dost float and run;
这快乐之旅才刚刚起舵。 Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.
4
你的飞行 The pale purple even
裹着消融的紫暮色, Melts around thy flight;
如同天上的一颗星, Like a star of Heaven,
藏身于白天的辽阔, In the broad day-light
看不见你,但仍听得见你高亢的快乐。 Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight
5
你的歌声明亮锐利, Keen as are the arrows
如同金星的银箭。 Of that silver sphere,
它明亮之灯在黎明消失, Whose intense lamp narrows
虽然我们难以看见, In the white dawn clear,
但我们知道它就在那边。 Until we hardly see, we feel that it is there.
6
你的歌声 All the earth and air
响彻大地和天空, With thy voice is loud,
如同在夜的清澄, As, when night is bare,
月亮从一朵孤云中 From one lonely cloud
倾泻清辉,洒满天空。 The moon rains out her beams, and Heaven is overflow'd.
7
我们不知你是何物, What thou art we know not;
谁又能与你媲美比肩? What is most like thee?
但彩虹之云降下的雨珠, From rainbow clouds there flow not
都不及你倾泻的歌篇 Drops so bright to see
那样清晰,那样明亮可见。 As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.
8
你像诗人, Like a Poet hidden
藏身于思想的光芒, In the light of thought,
自发地把赞歌唱吟。 Singing hymns unbidden,
直到世人的同情之心激荡, Till the world is wrought
关注被漠视的恐惧和希望。 To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not:
9
你像高贵的少女, Like a high-born maiden
在城堡的塔楼中 In a palace-tower,
偷偷地唱着歌曲, Soothing her love-laden
释放她充满爱的灵魂, Soul in secret hour
歌曲甜蜜如爱,流出她的闺中。 With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:
10
你像一只萤火虫, Like a glow-worm golden
在凝露的幽谷闪着金光, In a dell of dew,
在鲜花和草丛中, Scattering unbeholden
默默地播撒空灵的光芒, Its aëreal hue
自己却被鲜花和草丛遮挡。 Among the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view:
11
你像一朵玫瑰, Like a rose embower'd
裹在绿叶里。 In its own green leaves,
直到阵阵暖风把花儿刮飞, By warm winds deflower'd,
于是花香的浓郁 Till the scent it gives
让翅膀变重的飞贼们沉醉痴迷。 Makes faint with too much sweet those heavy-winged thieves:
12
在晶莹的草地上 Sound of vernal showers
落下的春雨之声, On the twinkling grass,
雨后鲜花的绽放, Rain-awaken'd flowers,
这一切很快乐、悦耳和新颖, All that ever was
但都比不上你的歌声。 Joyous, and clear, and fresh, thy music doth surpass.
13
教教我们,你这精灵或飞鸟, Teach us, Sprite or Bird,
你甜蜜的思想是什么样子的。 What sweet thoughts are thine:
我从来都没有听到 I have never heard
爱情或美酒的赞歌 Praise of love or wine
能奔涌着如此神圣的巨大快乐。 That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
14
婚礼的歌曲, Chorus Hymeneal,
或胜利的赞歌, Or triumphal chant,
和你的歌声相比时, Match'd with thine would be all
都是空洞浮夸之作, But an empty vaunt,
让我们觉得其中总缺少些什么。 A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.
15
什么样的地方 What objects are the fountains
是你快乐之歌的源泉? Of thy happy strain?
是田野、海浪、山岗? What fields, or waves, or mountains?
是天空或平原? What shapes of sky or plain?
是你同类的爱?是你对痛苦的无感? What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?
16
明亮又强烈的快乐, With thy clear keen joyance
让你不会有倦意, Languor cannot be:
烦恼的阴影 Shadow of annoyance
不会靠近你。 Never came near thee:
你爱,却不会有过度的爱带来的悲戚。 Thou lovest: but ne'er knew love's sad satiety.
17
无论是醒是眠, Waking or asleep,
你对死亡的思索 Thou of death must deem
肯定比我们凡人的梦愿 Things more true and deep
更加真实和深刻, Than we mortals dream,
否则你的歌声怎能流淌得如水晶般清澈?Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream?
18
我们瞻前顾后, We look before and after,
还渴望不存在之物。 And pine for what is not:
我们最真诚的欢笑 Our sincerest laughter
带着些许的痛苦, With some pain is fraught;
我们最甜蜜的歌曲诉说着忧思无度。 Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.
19
但即便我们能抛开 Yet if we could scorn
仇恨、傲慢和恐惧, Hate, and pride, and fear;
即便我们生来 If we were things born
就不用流下泪水一滴, Not to shed a tear,
我依然不知我们如何能接近你的欢愉。 I know not how thy joy we ever should come near
20
比所有的旋律都更加快乐, Better than all measures
比所有的书中财富都更加珍稀, Of delightful sound,
对诗人来说, Better than all treasures
这就是你的技艺, That in books are found,
这就是你对尘土的鄙视! Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!
21
把你心中肯定拥有的快乐 Teach me half the gladness
教给我一半吧, That thy brain must know,
如此和谐的极乐 Such harmonious madness
如果能从我的嘴里倾洒, From my lips would flow
世界就会倾听,一如我现在倾听你的。 The world should listen then, as I am listening now.
一、翻译说明
原诗的诗节都是五行,押韵形式是ABABB,每个诗节的前四行为扬抑格四音步,第五行为抑扬格六音步。这样的布局给人以瀑布急速倾泻、然后奔流而去的感觉。本翻译也尽量按照ABABB进行押韵,但音步及抑扬、长短句的分配无法与原诗保持一致。
本翻译主要依据参考文献1,根据诗韵的需要增减字数,例如In its own green leaves译为裹在绿叶里,略去了its own。
按参考文献4,第1-6节为第一部分,开篇;7-12节为第二部分,过渡;13-21节为第三部分,哲学思考,本诗的实质。第17节为全诗的高潮。
二、注释:
第1节
Hail to thee。根据参考文献3进一步寻找资料解读,得知Hail to thee不是一般的问好,而是含有敬畏神灵并向其求助的意思,是诗起首的一种传统惯例,据说源自希腊的《荷马史诗》。故译为“向你致敬”。
第2节
a cloud of。cloud: a mass of particles or droplets, as of dust, smoke, or steam, suspended in the atmosphere or existing in outer space,这里的cloud应理解为一团,而不是气象学中的云。夕阳下的云雀披上金色,在天空飞来飞去,像一团火焰,云是做不到这样的。“不灭的”三字是我根据诗意加上去的,为的是更有诗的韵律。
第4节
Even。这里的even明显是evening,常用于诗歌,为的是押韵和韵律。为什么有人译为黎明?
第5节
silver sphere。本节的silver sphere有两种理解(有些研究者抱怨雪莱没表达清楚silver sphere到底指什么),例如参考文献4把silver sphere理解为金星(启明星),参考文献1、2和5则理解为月亮。本翻译依从参考文献4,因为下节写了月亮,我个人觉得上下连接的两节都用同一个意象不是太好,重复了,是写诗的忌讳。
第7节
thy presence:你的所在、你那里,但为了韵律译为“你”。
“那样清晰”是我根据诗意加的,为有更好的韵律。
第9节
依从参考文献6进行翻译。
第10节
所检索的参考文献对本节有两种理解。文献1理解为风吹开了绿叶,蜜蜂来采蜜。文献2和3理解为风把花瓣吹走,从而播撒了芳香。本翻译依从后一种理解。
第11节
飞贼指暖风。
三、参考文献
1.To a Skylark Summary & Analysis,
https://www.litcharts.com/poetry/percy-bysshe-shelley/to-a-skylark
2.To a Skylark by Percy Bysshe Shelley,
https://poemanalysis.com/percy-bysshe-shelley/to-a-skylark/
3.William A. Ulmer. Some Hidden Want: Aspiration in "To a Sky-Lark", Studies in Romanticism , Summer, 1984, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer, 1984), pp. 245-258
4.Stewart C. Wilcox. The Sources, Symbolism, and Unity of Shelley's "Skylark", Studies in Philology , Oct., 1949, Vol. 46, No. 4 (Oct., 1949), pp. 560-576
5.E. Wayne Marjarum. The Symbolism of Shelley's "To a Skylark", PMLA , Sep., 1937, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Sep., 1937), pp. 911-913
6.Explanation of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s To a Skylark,
https://www.thefreshreads.com/to-a-skylark-explanation/


IP属地:广西1楼2022-09-04 10:02回复
    沙发


    IP属地:广东来自iPhone客户端2楼2022-11-24 23:58
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      感觉还是不如大家译的好
      不过意境到位


      IP属地:河北来自Android客户端3楼2023-12-22 16:16
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