“大道”宇宙运行理论（英文版）节选自科幻小说《宇宙印记与万物归道》
SpecialChapter: the " Great Tao" cosmological theory- a new cosmologicaltheory
Two years ago in the summer, while managing the business of Redeemlola Companyand its foundation, Jeremiah came across many fresh and peculiar scientificresearch projects.
Among those freshand peculiar scientific research projects, several were included: the first wasthe discovery by Professor Sethi from New Delhi, India, of a unique teenagernamed Raj with special abilities and physiques. The second is that Sabrin, ageologist in the Romanov, discovered mysterious fast radio bursts in the Lap Nar, suspected to be a radiation signals emittedby extraterrestrial beings (the frequency and wavelength of fast radio burstswere very similar to the special electromagnetic waves released by Raj's body).Third, Professor Doudna from San Jose Technology University proposed the ideaof using gene editing technology and transfection to gradually evolve humansinto a more perfect "new species". Fourth, Japanese scientist ItoKenichi has invented wormhole transmission technology that can travel throughthe space-time and was currently try to escape from Tokyo to the United States.
At first,although Jeremiah was quite interested in these projects and paid them a lot ofattention, he only viewed them as individual events and did not link themtogether to discover their relevance.
Later, bychance, Jeremiah learned some knowledge about the "I Ching" and theEight Trigrams through a TV program, and was inspired by this knowledge toconnect all the events together in his mind, "realizing" a set ofideas and theories regarding the operation of the universe and the meaning oflife. (He called the process of forming these theories "awakening").
After the"awakening", Jeremiah believed that the Taiji Eight Diagrams visuallydisplayed several basic and objective laws of the universe's workings to theworld. All existence and changes in the universe follow these laws.
The first law is the duality of YIN and Yang. Everything in the universe hastwo opposing existences, the "YIN" and the "Yang". Forexample, there is gravity and there is repulsion; there is positive charge and thereis negative charge; there is expansion and there is contraction; there isfullness and there is emptiness; there is cold and there is heat; there islight and there is darkness; there is female and there is male; there is joyand there is sadness; there is growth and there is decline; there is life andthere is death. As recorded in the Tao Te Ching, " The created universecarries the YIN at its back and the Yang in front; Through the unionof the pervading principles, it reaches harmony. "
The second law is the mutual dependence and cyclicality of YIN and Yang. Although the twoopposing existences have opposition, they are interdependent andinterconnected. They coexist in a unified system and have mutual dependence.With their increase and decrease, the system they are in often undergoes cyclicand repetitive changes. For example, Intermolecular forces can be divided into attractiveforces and repulsive forces. Their changes affect the aggregation andmorphology of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). For example, the transformationof water vapor into water and then into ice is a cyclic change, accompanied bythe strength change of attractive forces and repulsive forces of watermolecules. In chemical reactions, the positive charges and negative chargescarried by ions affect the combination and remodeling of matter through changes(increases and decreases) in valence. Another example is the rise and fall ofluck, which affects the ups and downs of fate; The joy and sorrow of the moodreflect the ups and downs of emotions; The life and death of living beingsconstitute the endless cycle of life. As recorded in the Tao Te Ching, "Theten thousand things rise and fall while the Self watches their return.
They grow and flourish and then return to the source. "
The third law is the reversal of things when they reach their extreme point. All changes anddevelopments in the universe have a certain limit. When they approach or reachthis limit, there is often an internal restraining force within the system thatcauses them to change and develop in the opposite direction. For example, inthe universe, the maximum temperature is the Planck temperature (thetemperature at the moment of the Big Bang, which can reach 33 digits, whenparticles move at the speed of light), and the minimum temperature is absolutezero (-273.15 degrees Celsius, when particles stop moving and have no kineticenergy). When the temperature reaches the Planck temperature, it can onlydecrease and cannot increase further, because constrained by the theory ofrelativity and quantum mechanics, particles cannot move faster than light. Whenthe temperature approaches absolute zero, it can only increase and cannot decreasefurther, because constrained by the laws of thermodynamics and quantummechanics, particles cannot completely stop thermal motion. In addition, in thepolar regions of the Earth (the Antarctic Circle and the Arctic Circle), thereare phenomena of polar day (the sun never sets, and the sky is always bright,always daytime) and polar night (the sun never rises, and the sky is alwaysdark, always nighttime). When the polar day phenomenon occurs, due to theEarth's rotation around the sun and the obliquity of the ecliptic, the daylightin the polar circle will gradually shorten, and the night will graduallylengthen. When the polar night phenomenon occurs, due to the Earth's rotationaround the sun and the obliquity of the ecliptic, the daylight in the polarcircle will gradually lengthen, and the night will gradually shorten. Asrecorded in the Tao Te Ching, "To yield is to be preserved whole. To bebent is to become straight. To be hollow is to be filled. To be tattered is tobe renewed. To be in want is to possess. To have plenty is to beconfused."
The fourth law is the contingency and necessity of "phase" (state). The"phase" of things is variable, and a particular "phase"presented by things in a certain time and space is a probability event with contingency.However, the various "phases" that things possess are necessarycomponents of the system and trend in which things exist, their existence isnecessary, and their overall change rules are determined. For example, ancientChinese people liked to use the Eight Diagrams for divination. When theydivined (drew lots), whether a specific person could draw the "QianDiagram", which is representing great fortune and luck, from the EightDiagrams was a probability event (one in eight chances). However, it wasnecessary for the "Qian Diagram" to exist as a component of thesystem of the "Eight Diagrams" in the drawing tube, and "due tomany people constantly divining (drawing lots), someone will inevitably belucky enough to draw the 'Qian Diagram'," which is a deterministic event.Similarly, when a drop of dye is dropped into water and dissolved, it isdifficult to predict which direction each dye molecule will move in, which iscontingent. However, the overall movement of all dye molecules must be diffusionin an irregular manner, which is a deterministic event. Moreover, in themicroscopic world, it is a very low probability event for a certain particle toundergo quantum tunneling effect at a particular moment (the quantum behaviorof particles entering or passing through potential barriers, which can besimply understood as particles, like ghosts, passing through a "thickwall" blocking them). However, the existence of quantum tunneling as aphenomenon is deterministic, "any microscopic system must have particlesundergoing quantum tunneling effects," which is a deterministic event.
Afterwards,based on the above-mentioned laws and combining various theories such as theBig Bang theory, inflation theory, the theory of Hawkingradiation, the No Boundary Proposal, the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology of RogerPenrose, the Quantum Creation, Jeremiah build a theoretical model of theoperation of the universe with his own insights.
In Jeremiah's theory of the operation of the universe, he believes that, according to the lawof the duality of YIN and Yang, since everything in the universe has YIN andYang elements, there must be some most primitive, fundamental, and basic YINand Yang elements in the universe. Just as the Eight Diagrams is composed of"YIN" and "Yang" - the two most basic symbols combined in aseries of ways, the universe should also be composed of two most basic YIN andYang elements. Jeremiah believes that these most basic YIN and Yang elementsare energy and matter.
Energy and matter, one is an intangible "substance," and the other isa tangible "substance," and they together constitute all"existences" in the universe. They are opposites, which are reflectedin the opposition between "intangible" and "tangible." Atthe same time, energy and matter have mutual dependence. This mutual dependenceis reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, energy and matter can beconverted into each other. Physicist Einstein proposed the famous mass-energyequivalence E = mc² in his theory of special relativity, which preciselyexplains the conversion relationship between matter and energy in mathematicalform. In reality, an example of matter being converted into energy is that thestars in the universe are constantly converting their own matter into intenseelectromagnetic radiation energy through nuclear fusion, releasing it intoouter space. An example of energy being converted into matter is thatscientists have successfully created a pair of electron pairs in the laboratorythrough letting high-energy gamma rays to pass through atomic nuclei at closerange, converting gamma ray photons into a positron and a negative electron. Onthe other hand, the microscopic particles that make up matter havewave-particle duality. Similarly, as a representative of energy,electromagnetic waves (including light) also have wave-particle duality. Bothwill exhibit "tangible" particle properties under certain conditions,while also exhibiting "intangible" wave-like properties under otherconditions. Therefore, they are essentially the same.
Next, based on the law of the cyclicality of YIN and Yang and the law of thereversal of extremes, Jeremiah inferred that just as the Eight Diagrams is anendless, self-sustaining cycle system, the universe is also a self-contained,cyclical system. The cycle of the universe is driven by the alternatingprosperity and decline of energy and matter within it. That is, the state ofthe universe will undergo periodic changes with the increase or decrease ofenergy and matter in the universe. When the energy or matter in the universereaches its extreme, it will be transformed in the opposite direction(materialization or energization) under the influence of some physical laws,and a new trend of development will begin until it reaches another extreme.
Subsequently,based on this inference, Jeremiah further deduced the theoretical model of theoperation of the universe, which is: at the very beginning, the universe was ina state of extreme energy. In this state, there was no matter in the universe,only pure energy, and it was energy with extremely high density and strength.It is represented by the singularity described in the "Big BangTheory" - a point with infinite density, pressure, heat, temperature,space-time curvature, and infinitely small volume. Then, the singularity"exploded", and the extreme energy began to be converted into matter.From the Plank time after the Big Bang to the stellar period (including theunified period, inflationary period, quark period, particle period, nucleonperiod, and atomic period), the universe would undergo a long and continuousprocess of converting a large amount of its own energy into a large amount ofmatter. By the stellar era, the universe reached a state of extreme matter. Inthis state, the universe was filled with a large amount of matter (stars andgalaxies), and matter occupied the dominant position in the universe, whileenergy still existed in the universe but was much less dense than matter.Afterwards, the extreme matter began to be converted into energy, andcorrespondingly, the universe entered the dark energy era. In the dark energy era,the universe changed from an expansion-deceleration state to anexpansion-acceleration state. As the universe continued to expand, the densityof both matter and energy decreased, but the rate of decrease in matter densitywas much greater than that of energy density. At the same time, stars keptcollapsing into black holes, which expanded frantically, devouring thesurrounding matter and celestial bodies (including white dwarfs and neutronstars formed by the collapse of stars), and eventually evaporating all theirown matter as energy through Hawking radiation, releasing it into the universe.Gradually, all stars and galaxies would disappear completely, turning intoHawking radiation and filling the expanding universe, and the density of energyin the universe would become much greater than that of matter, thus occupiedthe dominant position. In the end, the universe would have almost no matter,only energy (including dark energy) constantly shuttling and interweaving inthe vast and boundless space of the universe, filling every corner of theuniverse (but the energy density at this time is not high). After that, underthe influence of quantum mechanisms, a point in space in the universe underwentan unprecedented violent quantum fluctuation with an extremely smallprobability. At this point, it not only "borrowed" strong energy fromthe vacuum but also "borrowed" all the energy of the entire universe,eventually converging into a point with infinite density and energy intensity -that is, a new "singularity" was born. Thus, the cycle returned tothe very beginning, and a new cycle would restart with the big bang of the new"singularity." The universe is constantly going back and forth inthis cycle, endlessly repeating...
This, is the theoretical model of the operation of the universe that Jeremiah envisioned.
Jeremiah referred to this theoretical model of the operation of the universe asthe " Great Tao" cosmological theory, because it corresponds to the"Tao Te Ching" which states: " Before the Heaven and Earthexisted, there was something nebulous: silent, isolated, standingalone, changing not, eternally revolving without fail, worthy to bethe mother of all things. I do not know its name and address it asTao. If forced to give it a name, I shall call it "Great."
SpecialChapter: the " Great Tao" cosmological theory- a new cosmologicaltheory
Two years ago in the summer, while managing the business of Redeemlola Companyand its foundation, Jeremiah came across many fresh and peculiar scientificresearch projects.
Among those freshand peculiar scientific research projects, several were included: the first wasthe discovery by Professor Sethi from New Delhi, India, of a unique teenagernamed Raj with special abilities and physiques. The second is that Sabrin, ageologist in the Romanov, discovered mysterious fast radio bursts in the Lap Nar, suspected to be a radiation signals emittedby extraterrestrial beings (the frequency and wavelength of fast radio burstswere very similar to the special electromagnetic waves released by Raj's body).Third, Professor Doudna from San Jose Technology University proposed the ideaof using gene editing technology and transfection to gradually evolve humansinto a more perfect "new species". Fourth, Japanese scientist ItoKenichi has invented wormhole transmission technology that can travel throughthe space-time and was currently try to escape from Tokyo to the United States.
At first,although Jeremiah was quite interested in these projects and paid them a lot ofattention, he only viewed them as individual events and did not link themtogether to discover their relevance.
Later, bychance, Jeremiah learned some knowledge about the "I Ching" and theEight Trigrams through a TV program, and was inspired by this knowledge toconnect all the events together in his mind, "realizing" a set ofideas and theories regarding the operation of the universe and the meaning oflife. (He called the process of forming these theories "awakening").
After the"awakening", Jeremiah believed that the Taiji Eight Diagrams visuallydisplayed several basic and objective laws of the universe's workings to theworld. All existence and changes in the universe follow these laws.
The first law is the duality of YIN and Yang. Everything in the universe hastwo opposing existences, the "YIN" and the "Yang". Forexample, there is gravity and there is repulsion; there is positive charge and thereis negative charge; there is expansion and there is contraction; there isfullness and there is emptiness; there is cold and there is heat; there islight and there is darkness; there is female and there is male; there is joyand there is sadness; there is growth and there is decline; there is life andthere is death. As recorded in the Tao Te Ching, " The created universecarries the YIN at its back and the Yang in front; Through the unionof the pervading principles, it reaches harmony. "
The second law is the mutual dependence and cyclicality of YIN and Yang. Although the twoopposing existences have opposition, they are interdependent andinterconnected. They coexist in a unified system and have mutual dependence.With their increase and decrease, the system they are in often undergoes cyclicand repetitive changes. For example, Intermolecular forces can be divided into attractiveforces and repulsive forces. Their changes affect the aggregation andmorphology of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). For example, the transformationof water vapor into water and then into ice is a cyclic change, accompanied bythe strength change of attractive forces and repulsive forces of watermolecules. In chemical reactions, the positive charges and negative chargescarried by ions affect the combination and remodeling of matter through changes(increases and decreases) in valence. Another example is the rise and fall ofluck, which affects the ups and downs of fate; The joy and sorrow of the moodreflect the ups and downs of emotions; The life and death of living beingsconstitute the endless cycle of life. As recorded in the Tao Te Ching, "Theten thousand things rise and fall while the Self watches their return.
They grow and flourish and then return to the source. "
The third law is the reversal of things when they reach their extreme point. All changes anddevelopments in the universe have a certain limit. When they approach or reachthis limit, there is often an internal restraining force within the system thatcauses them to change and develop in the opposite direction. For example, inthe universe, the maximum temperature is the Planck temperature (thetemperature at the moment of the Big Bang, which can reach 33 digits, whenparticles move at the speed of light), and the minimum temperature is absolutezero (-273.15 degrees Celsius, when particles stop moving and have no kineticenergy). When the temperature reaches the Planck temperature, it can onlydecrease and cannot increase further, because constrained by the theory ofrelativity and quantum mechanics, particles cannot move faster than light. Whenthe temperature approaches absolute zero, it can only increase and cannot decreasefurther, because constrained by the laws of thermodynamics and quantummechanics, particles cannot completely stop thermal motion. In addition, in thepolar regions of the Earth (the Antarctic Circle and the Arctic Circle), thereare phenomena of polar day (the sun never sets, and the sky is always bright,always daytime) and polar night (the sun never rises, and the sky is alwaysdark, always nighttime). When the polar day phenomenon occurs, due to theEarth's rotation around the sun and the obliquity of the ecliptic, the daylightin the polar circle will gradually shorten, and the night will graduallylengthen. When the polar night phenomenon occurs, due to the Earth's rotationaround the sun and the obliquity of the ecliptic, the daylight in the polarcircle will gradually lengthen, and the night will gradually shorten. Asrecorded in the Tao Te Ching, "To yield is to be preserved whole. To bebent is to become straight. To be hollow is to be filled. To be tattered is tobe renewed. To be in want is to possess. To have plenty is to beconfused."
The fourth law is the contingency and necessity of "phase" (state). The"phase" of things is variable, and a particular "phase"presented by things in a certain time and space is a probability event with contingency.However, the various "phases" that things possess are necessarycomponents of the system and trend in which things exist, their existence isnecessary, and their overall change rules are determined. For example, ancientChinese people liked to use the Eight Diagrams for divination. When theydivined (drew lots), whether a specific person could draw the "QianDiagram", which is representing great fortune and luck, from the EightDiagrams was a probability event (one in eight chances). However, it wasnecessary for the "Qian Diagram" to exist as a component of thesystem of the "Eight Diagrams" in the drawing tube, and "due tomany people constantly divining (drawing lots), someone will inevitably belucky enough to draw the 'Qian Diagram'," which is a deterministic event.Similarly, when a drop of dye is dropped into water and dissolved, it isdifficult to predict which direction each dye molecule will move in, which iscontingent. However, the overall movement of all dye molecules must be diffusionin an irregular manner, which is a deterministic event. Moreover, in themicroscopic world, it is a very low probability event for a certain particle toundergo quantum tunneling effect at a particular moment (the quantum behaviorof particles entering or passing through potential barriers, which can besimply understood as particles, like ghosts, passing through a "thickwall" blocking them). However, the existence of quantum tunneling as aphenomenon is deterministic, "any microscopic system must have particlesundergoing quantum tunneling effects," which is a deterministic event.
Afterwards,based on the above-mentioned laws and combining various theories such as theBig Bang theory, inflation theory, the theory of Hawkingradiation, the No Boundary Proposal, the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology of RogerPenrose, the Quantum Creation, Jeremiah build a theoretical model of theoperation of the universe with his own insights.
In Jeremiah's theory of the operation of the universe, he believes that, according to the lawof the duality of YIN and Yang, since everything in the universe has YIN andYang elements, there must be some most primitive, fundamental, and basic YINand Yang elements in the universe. Just as the Eight Diagrams is composed of"YIN" and "Yang" - the two most basic symbols combined in aseries of ways, the universe should also be composed of two most basic YIN andYang elements. Jeremiah believes that these most basic YIN and Yang elementsare energy and matter.
Energy and matter, one is an intangible "substance," and the other isa tangible "substance," and they together constitute all"existences" in the universe. They are opposites, which are reflectedin the opposition between "intangible" and "tangible." Atthe same time, energy and matter have mutual dependence. This mutual dependenceis reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, energy and matter can beconverted into each other. Physicist Einstein proposed the famous mass-energyequivalence E = mc² in his theory of special relativity, which preciselyexplains the conversion relationship between matter and energy in mathematicalform. In reality, an example of matter being converted into energy is that thestars in the universe are constantly converting their own matter into intenseelectromagnetic radiation energy through nuclear fusion, releasing it intoouter space. An example of energy being converted into matter is thatscientists have successfully created a pair of electron pairs in the laboratorythrough letting high-energy gamma rays to pass through atomic nuclei at closerange, converting gamma ray photons into a positron and a negative electron. Onthe other hand, the microscopic particles that make up matter havewave-particle duality. Similarly, as a representative of energy,electromagnetic waves (including light) also have wave-particle duality. Bothwill exhibit "tangible" particle properties under certain conditions,while also exhibiting "intangible" wave-like properties under otherconditions. Therefore, they are essentially the same.
Next, based on the law of the cyclicality of YIN and Yang and the law of thereversal of extremes, Jeremiah inferred that just as the Eight Diagrams is anendless, self-sustaining cycle system, the universe is also a self-contained,cyclical system. The cycle of the universe is driven by the alternatingprosperity and decline of energy and matter within it. That is, the state ofthe universe will undergo periodic changes with the increase or decrease ofenergy and matter in the universe. When the energy or matter in the universereaches its extreme, it will be transformed in the opposite direction(materialization or energization) under the influence of some physical laws,and a new trend of development will begin until it reaches another extreme.
Subsequently,based on this inference, Jeremiah further deduced the theoretical model of theoperation of the universe, which is: at the very beginning, the universe was ina state of extreme energy. In this state, there was no matter in the universe,only pure energy, and it was energy with extremely high density and strength.It is represented by the singularity described in the "Big BangTheory" - a point with infinite density, pressure, heat, temperature,space-time curvature, and infinitely small volume. Then, the singularity"exploded", and the extreme energy began to be converted into matter.From the Plank time after the Big Bang to the stellar period (including theunified period, inflationary period, quark period, particle period, nucleonperiod, and atomic period), the universe would undergo a long and continuousprocess of converting a large amount of its own energy into a large amount ofmatter. By the stellar era, the universe reached a state of extreme matter. Inthis state, the universe was filled with a large amount of matter (stars andgalaxies), and matter occupied the dominant position in the universe, whileenergy still existed in the universe but was much less dense than matter.Afterwards, the extreme matter began to be converted into energy, andcorrespondingly, the universe entered the dark energy era. In the dark energy era,the universe changed from an expansion-deceleration state to anexpansion-acceleration state. As the universe continued to expand, the densityof both matter and energy decreased, but the rate of decrease in matter densitywas much greater than that of energy density. At the same time, stars keptcollapsing into black holes, which expanded frantically, devouring thesurrounding matter and celestial bodies (including white dwarfs and neutronstars formed by the collapse of stars), and eventually evaporating all theirown matter as energy through Hawking radiation, releasing it into the universe.Gradually, all stars and galaxies would disappear completely, turning intoHawking radiation and filling the expanding universe, and the density of energyin the universe would become much greater than that of matter, thus occupiedthe dominant position. In the end, the universe would have almost no matter,only energy (including dark energy) constantly shuttling and interweaving inthe vast and boundless space of the universe, filling every corner of theuniverse (but the energy density at this time is not high). After that, underthe influence of quantum mechanisms, a point in space in the universe underwentan unprecedented violent quantum fluctuation with an extremely smallprobability. At this point, it not only "borrowed" strong energy fromthe vacuum but also "borrowed" all the energy of the entire universe,eventually converging into a point with infinite density and energy intensity -that is, a new "singularity" was born. Thus, the cycle returned tothe very beginning, and a new cycle would restart with the big bang of the new"singularity." The universe is constantly going back and forth inthis cycle, endlessly repeating...
This, is the theoretical model of the operation of the universe that Jeremiah envisioned.
Jeremiah referred to this theoretical model of the operation of the universe asthe " Great Tao" cosmological theory, because it corresponds to the"Tao Te Ching" which states: " Before the Heaven and Earthexisted, there was something nebulous: silent, isolated, standingalone, changing not, eternally revolving without fail, worthy to bethe mother of all things. I do not know its name and address it asTao. If forced to give it a name, I shall call it "Great."
